能為人們的日常生活帶來方便

　　Can bring convenience to people's daily lives

　　一次性紙餐具深受人們的喜愛

　　Disposable paper tableware is deeply loved by people

　　使用量在逐年增加

　　The usage is increasing year by year

　　快餐店用量非常多

　　Fast food restaurants consume a lot of food

　　雖然這類產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值低廉

　　Although the value of these products is low

　　但仍需保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的穩(wěn)定

　　But it is still necessary to ensure the stability of product quality

　　其優(yōu)劣也直接與人們息息相關(guān)

　　Its advantages and disadvantages are directly related to people

　　因此，質(zhì)量狀況備受人們的關(guān)注

　　Therefore, the quality status has attracted people's attention

　　產(chǎn)    品    概    述

　　Product Overview

　　一次性紙餐具是以紙為基材，表面覆蓋有石蠟、聚乙烯涂層等，用于食品包裝或盛裝冷熱飲料和冷熱食品的容器，紙餐具按加工原料可分為紙板紙餐具、紙漿模塑紙餐具、淋膜紙餐具。

　　Disposable paper tableware is made of paper as the substrate, covered with paraffin, polyethylene coating, etc. on the surface, used for food packaging or containers for storing hot and cold beverages and food. Paper tableware can be divided into cardboard tableware, pulp molded paper tableware, and coated paper tableware according to the processing materials.

　　質(zhì)    量    要    求

　　Quality requirements

　　一次性紙餐具應(yīng)用廣泛，國家對于該類產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量安全一直保持高度重視，將這類產(chǎn)品納入生產(chǎn)許可證發(fā)證產(chǎn)品目錄。對于一次性紙餐具的質(zhì)量安全一般關(guān)注物理安全和衛(wèi)生安全、綠色環(huán)保三個(gè)方面，總結(jié)為以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　Disposable paper tableware is widely used, and the country has always attached great importance to the quality and safety of such products, including them in the product catalog for production license issuance. The quality and safety of disposable paper tableware generally focus on three aspects: physical safety, hygiene safety, and green environmental protection. They can be summarized as follows:

　　1.物理質(zhì)量安全要求：

　　1. Physical quality and safety requirements:

　　紙質(zhì)餐具的制作一般是先模切紙張，然后彎折接合，最后熱合成型。由于紙張材質(zhì)本身具有較好的滲透性能，因此制作餐具對于原料和工藝要求特別嚴(yán)格，控制不當(dāng)就會(huì)出現(xiàn)餐具軟塌，或者食物從接縫處滲漏等問題。為了測試紙碗的物理安全，國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)了滲漏、抗壓等指標(biāo)考核紙餐具的使用性能。耐滲漏的具體測試方法是在一次性紙餐具中加入（90±5）℃熱水或者油水混合物，以模擬實(shí)際食品。加液高度要到餐具口沿下約6mm處，然后將餐具放在一塊干玻璃板或平板上，靜置30min觀察玻璃（平）板上是否有滲漏的水或油印，無滲、漏才算合格。

　　The production of paper tableware usually involves first die-cutting the paper, then bending and joining it, and finally heat sealing it into shape. Due to the good permeability of paper material itself, the production of tableware requires particularly strict requirements for raw materials and processes. Improper control can lead to problems such as tableware softening or food leakage from seams. In order to test the physical safety of paper bowls, national standards have designed indicators such as leakage and pressure resistance to assess the performance of paper tableware. The specific testing method for leak resistance is to add (90 ± 5) ℃ hot water or oil-water mixture to disposable paper tableware to simulate actual food. The liquid should be added to a height of about 6mm below the edge of the tableware mouth, and then the tableware should be placed on a dry glass or flat plate. Let it stand for 30 minutes to observe whether there is any water or oil leakage on the glass (flat) plate. Only when there is no leakage or oil mark can it be considered qualified.

　　一次性紙餐具在盛裝食物時(shí)要有一定的硬度，才能在使用中不變形坍塌。為了測試紙餐盒抵御外力作用的能力，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)了抗壓強(qiáng)度的指標(biāo)，通過在樣品上下不斷增加壓力的方式測試產(chǎn)品最終被壓潰的力值。這種測試能很好的反映產(chǎn)品的力學(xué)性能。

　　Disposable paper tableware needs to have a certain degree of hardness when storing food in order to not deform or collapse during use. In order to test the ability of paper lunch boxes to resist external forces, the standard has designed a compressive strength index, which tests the final crushing force of the product by continuously increasing the pressure on the sample. This type of test can effectively reflect the mechanical properties of the product.

　　2.衛(wèi)生質(zhì)量安全要求：

　　2. Requirements for hygiene quality and safety:

　　最新的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求一次性紙餐具測試總遷移量、重金屬（以鉛計(jì)）、高錳酸鉀消耗量等常規(guī)理化指標(biāo)，還要求控制熒光性物質(zhì)、重金屬鉛、砷含量。這些測試項(xiàng)目統(tǒng)稱為衛(wèi)生安全性能。測試的目的是模擬一次性餐具在不同溫度、時(shí)間里接觸各類飲料、食物過程中是否會(huì)有有害物質(zhì)析出到食品中危害人體健康。為了保證一次性紙餐具衛(wèi)生安全，國家出臺(tái)了一系列強(qiáng)制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，除了常規(guī)指標(biāo)，還規(guī)定了餐具生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的衛(wèi)生安全要求、生產(chǎn)中允許使用的原材料要求，并對生產(chǎn)企業(yè)實(shí)行許可制度，以保證這類產(chǎn)品不會(huì)危害人體健康。另外一次性紙餐具企業(yè)還需要在產(chǎn)品包裝上標(biāo)注相關(guān)法規(guī)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的符合性聲明，生產(chǎn)者和（或）經(jīng)銷商的名稱、地址和聯(lián)系方式，生產(chǎn)日期和保質(zhì)期等內(nèi)容，以保證產(chǎn)品一旦有質(zhì)量安全問題可以被快速溯源。

　　The latest national standards require testing of conventional physical and chemical indicators such as total migration, heavy metals (calculated as lead), and potassium permanganate consumption for disposable paper tableware. They also require control of fluorescent substances, heavy metal lead, and arsenic content. These testing items are collectively referred to as hygiene and safety performance. The purpose of the test is to simulate whether harmful substances will precipitate into food during the process of disposable tableware coming into contact with various beverages and foods at different temperatures and times, which may harm human health. In order to ensure the hygiene and safety of disposable paper tableware, the country has issued a series of mandatory standards. In addition to conventional indicators, they also stipulate the hygiene and safety requirements for tableware production enterprises, the requirements for raw materials allowed to be used in production, and implement a licensing system for production enterprises to ensure that such products will not harm human health. In addition, disposable paper tableware companies also need to label compliance statements with relevant regulations and standards on product packaging, including the name, address, and contact information of the producer and/or distributor, production date, and shelf life, to ensure that any quality and safety issues with the product can be quickly traced.

　　3.綠色環(huán)保要求：

　　3. Green environmental protection requirements:

　　近年來隨著“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+餐飲服務(wù)”迅猛發(fā)展，一次性餐具在外賣外帶領(lǐng)域的使用量也不斷提升，這也引起了對于環(huán)境污染的擔(dān)憂。2020年1月19日，國家發(fā)展改革委、生態(tài)環(huán)境部公布《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)紙污染治理的意見》，要求2020年底，禁止生產(chǎn)和銷售一次性發(fā)泡紙餐具，地級(jí)以上城市建成區(qū)、景區(qū)景點(diǎn)的餐飲堂食服務(wù)，禁止使用不可降解一次性塑料餐具；2022年底，縣城建成區(qū)、景區(qū)景點(diǎn)餐飲堂食服務(wù)，禁止使用不可降解一次性塑料餐具；到2025年，地級(jí)以上城市餐飲外賣領(lǐng)域不可降解一次性塑料餐具消耗強(qiáng)度下降30%。

　　In recent years, with the rapid development of "Internet plus catering service", the use of disposable tableware in the takeaway field has also been increasing, which has also caused concern about environmental pollution. On January 19, 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the "Opinions on Further Strengthening the Control of Paper Pollution", which requires that by the end of 2020, the production and sale of disposable foam paper tableware, catering services in urban built-up areas and scenic spots at or above the prefecture level, and the use of non degradable disposable plastic tableware should be prohibited; By the end of 2022, the use of non degradable disposable plastic tableware will be prohibited for dining services in the built-up areas and scenic spots of county towns; By 2025, the consumption intensity of non degradable disposable plastic tableware in the food delivery industry in cities at or above the prefecture level will decrease by 30%.

　　《意見》提出，在餐飲外賣領(lǐng)域推廣使用符合性能和食品安全要求的秸稈覆膜餐具等生物基產(chǎn)品、可降解紙袋等替代產(chǎn)品。這一規(guī)定為一次性紙餐具的環(huán)保發(fā)展提供了更好的契機(jī)。近些年還出現(xiàn)了甘蔗渣餐具，紙漿模塑餐具等新產(chǎn)品，這些纖維素材質(zhì)的餐具出現(xiàn)將為解決環(huán)保問題提供有力支持。

　　The Opinion proposes to promote the use of bio based products such as straw coated tableware and biodegradable paper bags that meet performance and food safety requirements in the field of food delivery. This regulation provides a better opportunity for the environmental development of disposable paper tableware. In recent years, new products such as sugarcane bagasse tableware and pulp molded tableware have emerged, and the emergence of these cellulose material tableware will provide strong support for solving environmental problems.

　　選  購  小  貼  士

　　Shopping Tips

　　一次性紙餐具產(chǎn)品在日常生活中使用越來越廣泛，我們建議消費(fèi)者在使用和選購此類產(chǎn)品時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　Disposable paper tableware products are becoming increasingly widely used in daily life. We recommend that consumers pay attention to the following points when using and purchasing such products:

　　1.首先要到正規(guī)的大賣場或品牌店，最好購買知名品牌的產(chǎn)品，在挑選時(shí)要盡可能的選擇印刷少、外觀樸素、手感硬挺的產(chǎn)品。

　　1. Firstly, it is advisable to visit a reputable hypermarket or brand store, preferably purchasing products from well-known brands. When selecting, it is advisable to choose products with minimal printing, simple appearance, and firm texture.

　　2.產(chǎn)品各類許可證書、質(zhì)量檢測報(bào)告等是否齊全。

　　2. Are all types of product licenses, quality inspection reports, etc. complete.

　　3.產(chǎn)品售前至售后各項(xiàng)服務(wù)是否到位。

　　3. Whether the pre-sales and after-sales services of the product are in place.